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\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0645\u062d\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u062a\u0647. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0633\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0646\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a : <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table has-medium-font-size\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (2 \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631 2026)<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0629<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629)<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u062a\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 36 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u060c \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 (\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0643 \u0647\u0630\u0627\u061f)\u060c \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d.<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 (\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0647\u0628\u064a)<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0630\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0633\u0641\u060c \u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u062a \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0629.<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062f\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627: <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a: \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0644\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0647\u0629<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u064a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646: <strong>\u0645\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0630\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u061f<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632 \u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0644\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 (<strong>Ronald Dworkin<\/strong>)\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 &#8220;\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646&#8221; <strong>(Law&#8217;s Empire<\/strong>)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u062a\u0634. \u0625\u0644. \u0625\u064a\u0647. \u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a <strong>(H.L.A. Hart<\/strong>)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f (<strong>Rules<\/strong>) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646\u060c \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621\u061b \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 &#8220;<strong>\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626<\/strong>&#8221; (<strong>Principles<\/strong>) \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 &#8220;<strong>\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u062d\u0629<\/strong>&#8221; (<strong>Rights as Trumps<\/strong>). <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0632\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062d\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644\u060c\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 &#8220;<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0647\u0629<\/strong>&#8221; (<strong>Integrity<\/strong>) \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639) \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0628\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u064a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 &#8220;<strong>\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629<\/strong>&#8220;. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u0623\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0642\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u062d\u0642\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c &#8220;<strong>\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0631\u0627\u0628\u062d\u0629<\/strong>&#8220;\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0646\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a &#8220;<strong>\u062a\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/strong>&#8221; \u0623\u0648 &#8220;<strong>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0648\u0628\u0629<\/strong>&#8220;. \u0641\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0644\u0643\u0646<\/strong>\u060c <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b (\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a) \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0647 &#8220;<strong>\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631<\/strong>&#8221; (<strong>Rules of Change<\/strong>). \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0646\u0635 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0644\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u063a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f  \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0647\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0633\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 &#8220;<strong>\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0628\u064a<\/strong>&#8221; \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0627\u064b \u064a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list has-medium-font-size\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c &#8220;<strong>\u0638\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645<\/strong>&#8221; \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0630\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0640&#8221;<strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0646\u0639<\/strong>&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0630\u0631\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0623\u0628\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0635 \u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0637\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u062c\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u0638\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627: <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a: \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0637\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u0641\u064a \u062e\u0636\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u060c <strong>\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u062e\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0634\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 &#8220;<strong>\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b<\/strong>&#8221; \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643\u0647. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0635\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0628\u0623\u0646 &#8220;<strong>\u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0637<\/strong>&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0648\u062d\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u064a\u0633\u0628\u062d \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0628\u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0637\u0649 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0641\u064d \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629<\/strong>. \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0632\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u064a\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0634\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0631 (<strong>Andrew Dornbierer<\/strong>)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0635\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0646 &#8220;\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629&#8221; (<strong>Basel Institute on Governance<\/strong>) \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2021 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 &#8220;<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639: \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0629<\/strong>&#8221; (<strong>Illicit Enrichment: A Guide to Laws Targeting Unexplained Wealth<\/strong>)\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u062c\u0630\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0631\u0635\u062f \u0646\u062d\u0648 <strong>98 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0627\u064b \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 <strong>\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 100 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0644\u060c <strong>\u064a\u0641\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646&#8221;<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table has-medium-font-size\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a <\/strong><strong>(\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\/\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0629)<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0626<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">36 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u064b<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f (\u0645\u0646\u0630 <strong>1964<\/strong>)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0647\u0648\u0646\u063a \u0643\u0648\u0646\u063a\u060c \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">35 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u064b<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0643\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0633.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629)<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">25 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u064b<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062c\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 <strong>1936\/1964<\/strong>)\u060c \u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0643\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u0646 (\u0645\u0639 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629)<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0641\u0627 (\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0627\u064b)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 (\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629).<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641 (\u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0635) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0637\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631<\/strong>\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0647. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0623\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0639\u0629 &#8220;<strong>\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/strong> <strong>\u0627\u0648 \u0645\u062e\u064a\u0641\u0629<\/strong>&#8221; \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0635\u064a\u063a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 20 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f (UNCAC) \u0628\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0646\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647: &#8220;<strong>\u0631\u0647\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629&#8230; \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u062e\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639<\/strong>&#8220;. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 &#8220;<strong>\u0631\u0647\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627<\/strong>&#8221; \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0636\u062a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0636\u0649\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 &#8220;<strong>\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0628\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a<\/strong>&#8221; <strong>\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0643\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0626\u0629<\/strong> \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0634\u0641\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0643\u060c \u0639\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0646\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0646 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0631\u0641\u0636\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0634\u062c\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u062b\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f<\/strong>\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631\u062a \u0648\u0637\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 (Non-conviction based forfeiture):<\/strong> \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0628\u0648\u0647\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0639\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0636\u062f <strong>&#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621&#8221; \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647<\/strong> (<strong>in rem<\/strong>)\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 &#8220;<strong>\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644<\/strong>&#8221; (<strong>Beyond reasonable doubt<\/strong>).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0629 (Unexplained Wealth Orders &#8211; UWOs):<\/strong> \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2017 (Criminal Finances Act 2017)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0639\u064f\u0631\u0641 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 &#8220;<strong>\u0645\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627<\/strong>&#8220;. \u062a\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 NCA) \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f (\u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0629 PEPs \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0629) \u0639\u0644\u0649 <strong>\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 50,000 \u062c\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a<\/strong>. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0646\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u060c <strong>\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629<\/strong> \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b. <strong>\u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062b\u0628\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0630\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0636\u0644\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0643\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u064a\u063a\u0641\u0644 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0642\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0644 <strong>\u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u0641\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0634\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u062b\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f<\/strong>\u060c \u0641\u0628\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0648\u0646\u063a \u0643\u0648\u0646\u063a. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 10 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0648\u0629 (<strong>Prevention of Bribery Ordinance &#8211; POBO<\/strong>) \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1971\u060c \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0634\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0642\u0646\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629. <strong>\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0635\u0645\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0648\u0646\u063a \u0643\u0648\u0646\u063a \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0624\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627: <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0628\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0633 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u063a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u062f \u0635\u062f\u0649\u064b \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 (<strong>ECtHR<\/strong>). <strong>\u0641\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a<\/strong>\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 6 (\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 2) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0635 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 &#8220;<strong>\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0626\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0627\u064b<\/strong>&#8220;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 (<em><strong>Allenet de Ribemont v. France<\/strong><\/em>)\u060c \u0623\u0642\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 (\u0643\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u0629) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0630\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0631\u0642\u0627\u064b \u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646 <strong>\u064a\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0623\u064a \u0634\u0643 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0645<\/strong> \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 (<strong>in dubio pro reo<\/strong>)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0644 (<em><strong>Barber\u00e0, Messegu\u00e9 and Jabardo v. Spain<\/strong><\/em>). <strong>\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0628\u0633 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0636 \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0647\u064a \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646<\/strong>\u060c <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639<\/strong>\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u063a\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 &#8220;<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong>&#8221; \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u062a \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0640&#8221;<strong>\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628<\/strong>&#8220;. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 (<strong><em>Salabiaku v. France<\/em> \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1988<\/strong>)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u062a \u0628\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0636\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a\u0629: <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 (<strong>Presumptions of fact and of law<\/strong>) \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0625\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0636\u0645\u0646 &#8220;<strong>\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0629<\/strong>&#8221; (<strong>Reasonable limits<\/strong>) \u062a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u060c <strong>\u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u062d\u0636 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0629<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0625\u0646 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0628\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a<\/strong>\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u064a \u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u060c <strong>\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u062f\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627<\/strong>\u060c<strong> \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064b<\/strong> \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u064f\u062d\u064a\u0637\u062a \u0628\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u062e\u0648\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0638\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0646\u0635 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u062b\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0647 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642 (\u0648\u0633\u0646\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u0633 \u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0635\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0647\u0628\u064a).<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0627: <strong>\u062a\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0644\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0628\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639<\/strong>\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0639\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a)\u060c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0634\u0631\u0651\u0628 \u0648\u0642\u064e\u0628\u0650\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 &#8220;<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0629<\/strong>&#8221; \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u062a\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 (\u063a\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0630\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2013 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 324-1-1 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u0623\u062f\u062e\u0644\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 &#8220;<strong>\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644<\/strong>&#8221; (<strong>Pr\u00e9somption d&#8217;origine illicite<\/strong>)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062c\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062c\u0646\u062d\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a &#8220;<strong>\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a<\/strong>&#8221; \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0628\u0631\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628<\/strong>. \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u064b \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 6 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0640&#8221;\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629&#8221;<\/strong> (<strong>Pr\u00e9somption simple<\/strong>) \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0628\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a &#8220;<strong>\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629&#8221;<\/strong> (<strong>Irrefragable<\/strong>) \u062a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643<\/strong> \u0633\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631\u060c  \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 &#8220;<strong>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u063a\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644<\/strong>&#8221; (<strong>Autonomie de l&#8217;infraction de blanchiment<\/strong>). \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 <strong>\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong> (Infraction <strong>sous-jacente<\/strong>) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0651\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0630\u0631\u0629 (\u0647\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0645 \u062a\u0647\u0631\u0628 \u0636\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0633\u061f)\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639. <strong>\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table has-medium-font-size\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 (\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0628)<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>\u062a\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 (\u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 324-1-1 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a)<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>\u0639\u0628\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629.<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0637 \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0631\u0634\u0648\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u064f\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629).<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0637 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628\u0647\u0627.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0631\u0641\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0644\u063a\u064a \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629.<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\">\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0640&#8221;\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629&#8221; \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0624\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u062a\u0645\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0637\u0631\u062d\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0647\u0648: <strong>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0639\u0628\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0622\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u061f <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0636\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0641\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627: <strong>\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0634\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0630\u0628\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u062f\u0648\u062f<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f<\/strong>. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0625\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062d \u0628\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u063a\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0646\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0644\u064a\u063a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0641\u062a\u0627\u0643 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0628\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0645\u0649 &#8220;<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0634\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0630\u0628\u0629<\/strong>&#8221; \u0623\u0648 &#8220;<strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0644\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0630\u0628<\/strong>&#8221; (<strong>D\u00e9nonciation calomnieuse<\/strong>)\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 445 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 226-10 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a<strong> \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0643\u0630\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0630\u0646 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0646\u0635 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0637\u0645 &#8220;\u0645\u0624\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u062a&#8221; (Omert\u00e0) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0634\u0634 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0642 \u0646\u062d\u0648 &#8220;\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0646&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644<\/strong>\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2019 (Directive EU 2019\/1937). \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647<strong> \u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642<\/strong>. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0644\u063a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0638\u0631 \u0623\u064a \u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u062f\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0647\u064a \u0642\u0644\u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0639\u0628\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a&#8221; (Retaliation)<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u0641\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0648 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0643\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u0628\u0644\u064a\u063a\u0647. \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u062a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0634\u063a\u0650\u0651\u0644 \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u060c \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0644\u064a\u063a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0648\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u0639\u0636\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0634\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0630\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0628<\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u064b: \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0644\u063a &#8220;<strong>\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644<\/strong>&#8221; (<strong>Reasonable belief<\/strong>) \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 <strong>\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\/\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a) \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0634\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0630\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/strong>\u061b \u0641\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062b\u0628\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0642 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u064a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0635\u062d\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u064f\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u064f\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0634\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0630\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644&#8221; \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0644\u0641\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u062e\u0648\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0626.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0641 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629&#8221;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0646 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u060c \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629<\/strong>. \u0641\u0642\u062f <strong>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0636\u0631 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0647 \u062a\u062e\u0648\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631<\/strong>\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0630\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0635\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u064a \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631 &#8220;<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a<\/strong>&#8220;\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0640&#8221;<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/strong>&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0636\u0631\u0628 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0644\u061b \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644<\/strong>\u060c <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u062a\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u062c\u0632\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0629<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0633\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0648\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u063a\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0647\u0629 (INPPLC): \u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0648\u062f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u062f\u0648\u0631 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0647\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627<\/strong> \u0643\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a. \u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0628\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 36 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u0647\u064a \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0642\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0647\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0642\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0627: <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629: \u0646\u062d\u0648 &#8220;\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0647\u0629&#8221; \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u064a\u0641\u0631\u0632\u0647 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0648 <strong>\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a \u064a\u0637\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0643\u062a\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong>. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0633\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0639 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0645\u064a \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a.<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062c\u062c \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0647\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0637\u0649 \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626 \u0641\u0627\u062f\u062d \u2014 \u062d\u0635\u0631 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u2014 \u064a\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0647 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0635\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0647 \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 &#8220;<strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0646\u0639<\/strong>&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0630\u0631\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0644\u0633\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0632 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0633\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0647\u0629&#8221; (Law as Integrity) \u0623\u0648 <strong>\u0627\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0646\u0635 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u0639\u0628\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0642\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0633\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062b\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u062e\u0631 \u062c\u0633\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0631:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c:<\/strong> \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0625\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0629 (UWOs)<\/strong> \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a:<\/strong> \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u062a\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 (\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a)\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0648\u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>\u0645\u0623\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u0628\u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a&#8221;\u060c \u0644\u0641\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0644\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0634\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0630\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0628\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0628\u064a.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u0642\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0643\u0628\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u064a\u062d\u0645\u064a \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0628\u062e\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a &#8211; \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">3 \u0646\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0631 2026 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u0648 50 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The McMafia Laws: Unexplained Wealth Orders Explained | Skrine, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.skrine.com\/insights\/alerts\/august-2021\/the-mcmafia-laws-unexplained-wealth-orders-explain\">http:\/\/www.skrine.com\/insights\/alerts\/august-2021\/the-mcmafia-laws-unexplained-wealth-orders-explain<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-interactive=\"core\/file\" class=\"wp-block-file\"><object data-wp-bind--hidden=\"!state.hasPdfPreview\" hidden class=\"wp-block-file__embed\" data=\"https:\/\/www.gil24.com\/360\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/Briefing-Paper.pdf\" type=\"application\/pdf\" style=\"width:100%;height:600px\" aria-label=\"\u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0646 Briefing Paper.\"><\/object><a id=\"wp-block-file--media-c9db5cbf-1cfc-4e12-ba13-641dfe516ef1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gil24.com\/360\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/Briefing-Paper.pdf\">Briefing Paper<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gil24.com\/360\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/Briefing-Paper.pdf\" class=\"wp-block-file__button wp-element-button\" download aria-describedby=\"wp-block-file--media-c9db5cbf-1cfc-4e12-ba13-641dfe516ef1\">\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644<\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mh-excerpt\"><p>\u0641\u064a \u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c 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