{"id":66759,"date":"2025-12-01T22:40:58","date_gmt":"2025-12-01T21:40:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.gil24.com\/360\/?p=66759"},"modified":"2025-12-01T22:41:00","modified_gmt":"2025-12-01T21:41:00","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d9%88%d9%86%d9%81%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d9%8a%d9%85%d9%82%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b7%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%84%d9%84%d8%b4%d8%ba%d9%84-%d8%ab%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ab","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.gil24.com\/360\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d9%88%d9%86%d9%81%d8%af%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d9%8a%d9%85%d9%82%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b7%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%84%d9%84%d8%b4%d8%ba%d9%84-%d8%ab%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ab\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0641\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u063a\u0644: \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0623\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\"\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0641\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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1 \u0640\u0640 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\"\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0641\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0647:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\"\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0641\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u064a \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 (1978)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u064a \u0631\u062d\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 CDT \u0639\u0627\u0645 1978\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0645\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064b\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 (USFP) \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0625\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0628 1981\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u062c\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0631\u0645\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u064a \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 “\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629” \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0631 \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a (2018\u20132025)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0646\u0634\u0637 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0634\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0639 10 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a \u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f \u2013 \u0633\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0638 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0642\u0644\u062f\u0647 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 CDT.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0631\u0643\u0651\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b (2025)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0633\u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 CDT.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0641\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 CDT \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a CDT \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0640USFP\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648 \u062a\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u062d\u0632\u0628\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u062d CDT \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062e\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0647\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0631\u060c \u064a\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u0644\u064a: \u0647\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u061f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0632\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0623\u064a \u0631\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 USFP \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 CDT \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

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